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Objective To investigate the correlation between the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in breast cancer and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Methods The expressions of CD163 (TAM marker) and VEGF in 45 postoperative tissue specimens of primary breast cancer in Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2014 to January 2018 were examined by using immunohistochemistry EnVision method. Then TAM was counted under light microscope and the expression of VEGF was determined by using semi quantitative integration method. Correlation between the expression of TAM and VEGF and their relationships with clinicopathological parameters were also analyzed. Results TAM infiltration (the number of TAM under per high power field) in breast cancer patients (≤ 51 years old) was significantly more than that in breast cancer patients (> 51 years old) [(78.1±11.9)/HP vs. (69.7±14.0)/HP, t=2.167, P=0.036]. TAM infiltration in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis was more than that in breast cancer patients without lymph node metastasis [(79.2 ± 11.8)/HP vs. (70.2±13.6)/HP, t= 2.362, P= 0.023]. The positive rate of VEGF in breast cancer with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in breast cancer without lymph node metastasis [100.00 ％(20/20) vs. 68.00％(17/25),χ2=5.749, P=0.017]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of VEGF was positively correlated with TAM infiltration (r 2 = 0.800, P< 0.05). Conclusion TAM infiltration and the expression of VEGF can be used to predict the malignant degree of breast cancer, and can be used as a potential intervention target for adjuvant therapy and clinical prognosis of breast cancer.
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Objective To explore effect of decreasing blood lipid by mappianthus iodoies flavone in rats model.Methods We selected sixty healthy male SD rats,which were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group (NC),model control group (MC),simvastatin group positive control group (PC),low dose group of mappianthus iodoies flavonoids (MIF1 group),middle dose group of mappianthus iodoies flavonoids (MIF2 group),high dose group of mappianthus iodoies flavonoids (MIF3 group).After 6 weeks,absolute diet 12 h,the rats of blood samples were drawn from orbit and it was collected to detect serum total cholesterol (TC),serum triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).After 12 weeks,absolute diet 12 h,get blood from heart,serum,centrifugal separation measure serum SOD,MDA content,test the content of T-AOC.Results Mappianthus iodoies flavonoids can decrease the level of TG,TC,LDL-C,MDA and improve HDL-C,SOD and T-AOC in lipid of lipidemia rats.Especially compared with the NC group,the level of TG,TC,LDL-C,MDA in MC group were in creased,and HDL-C,SOD,T-AOC level were decreased in rats fed high fat diet(P＜0.05),meanwhile the levels of TC,TG and LDL C in the treatment groups were decreased,and HDL-C levels were increased(P＜0.05);MIF group,which are compared with MC,the level of TC,TG,LDL-C and MDA weresignificantly decreased and the level of HDL-C,SOD,T-AOCwere increased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Mappianthus iodoies flavone may improve the level of SOD,T-AOC and decrease the level of MDA to decrease lipid.
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This study aimed at preparing paeonol thermosensitive gel and preliminary exploring its properties in vitro.Tube inversion method was adopted to investigate the effects of concentrations of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 on gelation temperature.Then,viscosity of the gel was detected by rotary viscometer,and in vitro erosion and drug release characteristics of the gel by no film stripping method.As a result,the gelation temperature of poloxamer 407 decreased with the increase of its concentration,while gelation temperature of poloxamer 407 increased with the accelerating concentration of poloxamer 188.The cumulative drug release of paeonol thermo sensitive gel was up to 70％ in 320 rin.Gel dissolution and drug release were simultaneously performed without burst release phenomenon.It was concluded that the preparation process of paeonol thermo sensitive gel was simple and easy to use with the overt effect of sustained-release.
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Objective To observe the effects of quercetin liposome (LQ) on formation of advanced glycation end prod-ucts(AGEs)and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in kidney of diabetic rats. Methods LQ was made by rotary evaporation, and the model of type 2 diabetic rats were established by being fed on high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Then type 2 diabetic rats were randomly divided into six groups:diabetic model group (group DM), low level of LQ group (group LQ-L ), medium level of LQ group (group LQ-M), high level of LQ group (group LQ-H), positive control group (group aminoguanidine, AG) and control group (group N). After 8 weeks of interventions, blood glucose, body weight, kidney hypertrophy index (KI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured in each group. ELISA was used to detect serum AGEs, and 24 h urine albumin. The pathologi-cal change of glomerular basement membranes was observed by PAS staining and the expressions of AGEs in kidney was as-sessed by immunohistochemical method. The transcription level of RAGE mRNA in kidney was determined by RT-PCR. Re-sults Compared with the group N, the level of blood glucose, KI, BUN, Scr, serum AGEs and 24 h urine albumin were in-creased significantly in group DM, while the level of body weight decreased. Also the volume of kidney glomerulus increased and glomerular basement membranes thickened, the transcription levels of AGEs and RAGE mRNA in kidney tissue in-creased in DM group (P<0.05). Compared with group DM, the level of blood glucose, KI, BUN, Scr, serum AGEs and 24 h urinary albumin decreased, while the level of body weight increased in all three LQ groups. Meantime, the change of patho-logical morphology of glomerular basement membranes reduced and the expressions of AGEs and RAGE mRNA in kidney tissue decreased in all three LQ groups. All changes in the medium LQ dose group were more obvious than those of other two LQ groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Similar to AG, LQ has effect on inhibiting the action of proteinum unenzymatic glycosyl-ation and on decreasing the production of AGEs in serum as well as the expression of RAGE mRNA in kidney. Therefore, LQ play important protective role in kidneys of diabetic rats.
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Objective To observe the effect of paclitaxel long-circulating thermo-sensitive liposome ( PLTL) on inhibiting the growth of transplanting Lewis lung cancer cells in C57BL/ 6 mice. Methods The model of mice carried Lewis lung cancer was established. 40 tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups randomly: blank control group, model control group, PTX group, PTL group and PLTL group, 8 mice for each group. The blank control group and the model control group were injected with 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. In PTX group, PTL group and PLTL group, the dose of per injection was calculated with the reference of PTX for 20 mg·kg-1 , diluted with 0. 9% sodium chloride solution, and the mice were injected via the tail vein with a volume of 0. 2 mL each time. Except for the blank control group, 5 minutes after administration, the tumors of the other groups were subjected to local hyperthermia at (42±0. 5) ℃ for 30 min. During the treatment period, transplantation tumor growth was observed; pathological morphology changes of tumor tissues and cells were detected by HE stain; apoptosis rate of tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry to investigate the inhibition effect of PLTL combined with local thermal therapy on the tumor. Results The inhibition rate of tumor in model control group, PTX group, PTL group and PLTL group was 21. 81% , 48. 87% , 57. 22% and 78. 87% , respectively. The apoptosis rate of tumor cells was (20. 4 ± 4. 2)% , (42. 7 ± 3. 8)% , (54. 6±2. 9)% and (69. 7±5. 0)% , respectively. Observed by pathology, apoptosis rate and necrosis number of tumor cells in PLTL group were significantly increased. Conclusion Compared with PTX and PTL, PLTL has an evident thermo-sensitive feature and can increase the anticancer effect of paclitaxel remarkably when combined with local hyperthermia.
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This study was aimed to optimize dihydromyricetin liposome formulations by orthogonal design in order to study its characterization. Dihydromyricetin liposomes were prepared with thin-film ultrasonic dispersion technology. Formulations of dihydromyricetin liposomes were optimized with entrapment efficiency as the optimized index. The formulation and technology were evaluated by the single factor. Based on this, orthogonal design was made on the screening and optimization of dihydromyricetin liposome. Its morphology was observed by transmission electron micro-scope. Its in vitro drug-release behavior was studied by equilibrium dialysis. The preliminary stability was studied. The results showed that the optimized formulation and technology of dihydromyricetin liposome was when the molar ratio of lecithin and cholesterol was 1:1, the dosage of dihydromyricetin was 4.0 mg. The pH of PBS was 5.0, ultra-sonic time was 3 min. The encapsulation efficiency of dihydromyricetin liposome was 58.1%. Its morphology was small spherical or nearly spherical vesicle with observation in transmission electron microscope. It showed that the in vitro release of dihydromyricetin liposome arrived 76.29% in 48 h. The drug content was still 96.57% of dosage for 30 days at 4oC in the dark place. It was concluded that the optimized formulation and preparation technology of di-hydromyricetin liposome were simple, replicable and stable.
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Objective To investigate the tumor inhibition effect of paclitaxel long-circulating thermo sensitive liposomes (PLTL) in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Methods A tumor-bearing mouse model was established, and the mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, heating, paclitaxel (PTX), paclitaxel thermo sensitive liposomes (PTL), and PLTL groups. The living status was observed in the mice. The volume and weight of the tumor were measured. The morphological changes in the tumor cells were observed f by HE staining and apoptosis of the tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry. Results The inhibition rate of tumor in PTX, PTL and PLTL groups was 48.87%, 57.22%and 78.87%, respectively. The apoptotic rate of tumor cell in PTX, PTL and PLTL groups was (42.7 ± 3 .8)%, (54.6 ± 2.9)%and (69.7 ± 5.0)%, respectively. Conclusions PLTL, as compared with PTX and PTL, has an evident thermo sensitive feature and increases the anticancer effect of paclitaxel remarkably in combination with local hyperthermia.